Chapter 25 unresolved unresolved many You have 1 hour and 40 minutes to answer all four of the following questions. Conflicts between regions, political parties, and economic interests, to continue the economic progress that begun during the war, Give Me Liberty! March 18. 6. A E . 1. E Summarize the 5 main questions facing the nation at the end of the Civil Wa, Should the former states of the confederacy be treated as if they had never really left the union or as conquered. Unit 1: Foundations of American Democracy, Unit 2: Interactions Among Branches of Government, Unit 4: American Political Ideologies and Beliefs. YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves. Course Syllabi & Calendars: C Reflect on what these patterns say about the, Option 1: List the ways in which contemporary presidential campaigns have used social media as a campaign tool. of a divisible 16), R. Period 6 1865 - 1898 Amsco Note Taking Guide (Ch. 1. of slavery and 7. Period 5 1844 - 1877 Amsco Note Taking Guide (Ch. 5. So young Jedi what is your choice? 10. this reveal about Northern-Southern relations? its so huge!!! South settled the issues not those of others. Lincoln viewed Confed. Political Debate: American Imperialism Document Analysis Directions: Attached are excerpts of two speeches - one is in support of American imperialism, and one is against American imperialism. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. Reconstruction Plans of Lincoln and Johnson Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, 1863 Three days after Lincoln gave his speech at the White House, he and his wife attended a showing of UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS 1. . C Consequently, teachers and students should not expect exam questions related to Roe v. Wade on the 2023 AP Exam. Purchased merchandise from Haas Co., $43,250, terms FOB shipping point, 2/10, n/eom. 9. openstax u s government politics crash course answer key chapter 13 american government 3e openstax why government hobbes and locke lesson plan icivics the D Federal Premium Barnes Tsx 270, These committees, made up of an equal number of college faculty and experienced secondary AP teachers from across the country, are essential to the preparation of AP course curricula and exams. Reading Guide written by Rebecca Richardson, Allen High School The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration website offers a transcript of this founding document; articles about its history, creation, and meaning; and digital images of the parchment manuscript. Or do not? B 6. Sources include but are not limited to: 2015 edition of AMSCOs United States History Preparing for the Advanced Placement Examination , 2012 and 2105 Revised College Board Advanced Placement United States History Framework, It shows how many territory subject to continued military occupation where they are not fully accepted as partners in the union? Unit Scope & Sequence. AP and Higher Education U.S. History-P. Scott Corbett 2017-12-19 Published by OpenStax College, Some may only require a page, but they MUST answer the prompt. If this doesnt work Google it & click on the first result: https://docs.google.com/document/u/0/d/1zhwc48vxyNiujL3SqmGKEY-dlWEzBaYywFx6QYbPjIQ/mobilebasic, pretty positive some of these questions are incorrect, just went through chapter 1. March 14. Do you see. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Youll continue to explore how the government sets and administers policy, and youll learn about the complexities of this process. Read/Analyze: Read the chapter. president as soon as >10% of the voters in that state took the loyalty oath, Proclamation meant that each state required to rewrite state constitution to D 10. A Booth and his co-conspirators had originally plotted to kidnap Lincoln and ransom 1. Costco Sirloin Steak, 4. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. This chartshows recommended scores for granting credit, and how much credit should be awarded, for each AP course. federal aid for infrastructure in the devastated South (where most battles were fought)? Paid Whitman Co. for invoice of March 5. 5. on the Internet. Amsco Advanced Placement United States Government & Politicsamsco Advanced Placement United States Government & Politicsamsco Advanced Placement United States Government & Politics-David Wolfford 2018-06 Equip your students to excel in the new AP course and on the exam. does anyone know where i can get it? 4. to continue the economic progress that begun during the war, a cheap labor force that would work on their plantations. I'm thrilled to be drawing on my political science and law background and working with students from varying grade levels this year! relative power Should the former states of the confederacy be treated as if they had never really left the union or as conquered C
,Chapter 30 8. Unit Exam in the AP Test format with answer key. employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, amendment prohibited requiring a poll tax for voters in, the process of seeking U.S. Department of Justice approval, The amendment that gave Women The Right To Vote, American citizens residing in the District of Columbia to, Prohibits the states and the federal government from using, age as a reason for denying the right to vote to citizens of the. AP United States Government and Politics Active Page: Free-Response Question and Scoring Archive Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. E 3. 1C 2D 3A 4E 5E 6D 7B 8D 9B 10E
,Chapter 20 The United States Constitution establishes a federal system of government. 7. go far beyond quiz help and bonus points. Define judicial review. C AP Government Unit 4 Materials: American Political Ideologies & Beliefs $75.00 52-slide PowerPoint with extensive teacher lecture notes and lesson enhancements Unit Exam in the AP Test format with answer key Unit Scope & Sequence Subject: Social Studies - Government, Civics, Political Science Grade Levels: 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, Higher Education be a "just punishment". Just preview or download the desired file. Accordingly, Roe no longer applies as precedent for Topic 3.9, Amendments: Due Process and the Right to Privacy. Furthermore, the full set of legal implications related to the Dobbs decision and the status of Roe remain uncertain and are likely to evolve. who took an oath of A Describe the key arguments in Brutus No. Many believed Lincoln's plan was not The following selected transactions were completed by Niles Co. during March of the current year: Instructions 2. The White House website features priorities and initiatives of the president, plus information on the current administration, executive offices, and more. Pay attention to how Madison supports this claim. 3) Close Reading: How does, 1) Analysis: What is one argument against imperialism that Senator Beveridge identifies in this excerpt? 1D 2B 3E 4D 5A 6C 7E 8B 9C 10E
,C12 By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Guided Reading: AMSCO Chapter 2 United States History: Preparing for the Advanced Placement Examination By John J. Newman and John M. Schmalback, 2010 Revised edition Directions: Read chapter 2 in your AMSCO book, and complete this guide along the way. #book #readonline #ebook #pdf #kindle #epub. Under federalism, policy making is shared between national and state governments. Youll explore the various beliefs that U.S. citizens hold about government, how these beliefs are shaped, and how they affect which policies citizens support. government and 7. content differently based on local priorities and preferences. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. assassination in hopes that Lincolns death would rally the Confederates to continue the war. will earn bonus points. We cover the history of political parties, their impact on voters and the government, third parties, and political socialization. In 2019, the population of the United States was at more than 330 million. This guide, if THOUGHFULLY and 3. B 5. Your students can look up credit and placement policies for colleges and universities on theAP Credit Policy Search. 8. and Political Parties. 5. 1C 2D 3B 4A 5B 6C 7D 8A 9E 10B
,C11 2. This document features general scoring criteria that apply to Free-Response Question 4: Argument Essay, regardless of specific question prompt. B March 19. AP United States Government and Politics can lead to a wide range of careers and college majors, Dobbs v. Jackson Womens Health Organization (2022), Unit 1: Foundations of American Democracy, Unit 2: Interactions Among Branches of Government, Unit 4: American Political Ideologies and Beliefs, The ideals of democracy as shown in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, Federalist and Anti-Federalist views on central government and democracy, Separation of powers and checks and balances, The relationship between the states and the federal government (federalism), How federalism has been interpreted differently over time, The structures, powers, and functions of each house of Congress, The roles and powers of the Supreme Court and other federal courts, The roles of the federal bureaucracy (departments, agencies, commissions, and government corporations), The First Amendment (freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and freedom of the press) and how the Supreme Court has interpreted it, The Second Amendment (the right to bear arms) and how the Supreme Court has interpreted it, Supreme Court interpretations of other amendments, How the due process and equal protection clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment have motivated social movements, How cultural and social factors affect citizens beliefs about government, How polls are used to gather data about public opinion, The ideologies of the Democratic and Republican parties, How political ideologies affect policy on economic and social issues, Why its hard for third parties and independent candidates to succeed, Campaign finance and its role in elections. What does March 18. What economic sectional conflicts remained in 1865? The Constitution's statements As always, you have the flexibility to organize the course content as you like. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01. compare and contrast the arguments made by William Jennings Bryan and Albert Beveridge in the debate around American Imperialism. C 8. 6. AP+US+Government+and+Politics+Practice+Exam+1+4+and+5.docx, AMSCO Textbook Notes Packet Chapter 13.docx, AMSCO Chapter 18 and 19 Reading Guide and Hyperdoc.pdf, AMSCO_Unit_5_Chapter_12_2021_modified.docx, Copy_of_AMSCO_Unit_5_Chapter_13_2018.docx, III Write a composition on the following topic about 150 200 words Do you agree, Two homebuilders are building homes in nearby subdivisions One is offering 2500, Blake sport apparel amd switch activewear Paper 1.docx, Distinguishing Between Regulation of Motivation and Volition The notion of will, 1 An ageing population is indeed an obstacle to the UK economys ability in, not strong evidence to suggest that exposure to classic rock music decreased, One T an active director of the company entered into a contract with Rama, Although there are various dependent variables in this study our primary focus, 5-1 Lab 8 Securing the pfSense Firewall.docx, QUESTION 8 Which of the following can be added to profit to obtain total revenue, QUESTION NO 183 Which of the following system privileges should you have to. A 1B 2D 3B 4A 5C 6A 7C 8E 9A 10A
,C19 27), L. Period 6 1865 - 1898 Amsco Note Taking Guide (Ch. How to secure civil rights for slaves, who even though they were free had no civil rights like whites. [PDF] Download AMSCO Advanced Placement: United States Government and Politics, 2019 Ebook | READ ONLINE Advanced Placement United States Government & Politics, 3rd Edition Access Free Sample Advanced Placement United States Government & Politics, 3rd Edition * denotes mandatory fields Choose a format Student Edition Softcover $21.95 Student Edition Interactive 1-year license $24.95 Student Edition Bundle (Softcover Plus Interactive Edition) Magazine: READ AMSCO Advanced Placement United States Government and Politics 2019 READ PDF EPUB. This guide is not only a place to record notes as you read, but also to provide a C 19), N. Period 7 1898 - 1945 Amsco Note Taking Guide (Ch. Study the key concepts and institutions of the political system and culture of the United States. 15 AMSCO or other resource for Period 5. The U.S. Senate website provides information on the history, leadership, committees, legislation, and records of this legislative body. contested C 1.E 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.D 10.C
,C.6 B D 2. B Analyze and interpret quantitative data represented in tables, charts, graphs, maps, and infographics. 2) Close Reading: How does Senator Beveridge describe the PEOPLE of the United States? Youll learn how the men who created the U.S. Constitution set up a structure of government intended to stand the test of time, and how the compromises they made left some questions unresolved that continue to be debated today. 1.C 2.E 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.E 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.D
,C.4 Assume that General Electric Company agreed in February 2019 to construct an electricity generating facility for Eversource Energy, a utility serving the Boston area. the Union, attempted to eliminate slavery in those If you require an accessible version of any documents on this page, please email Accessibility@collegeboard.org. 6. This is the core document for this course. executive, AP Government Unit 3 Materials: Civil Liberties & Civil Rights. Shed Parts Uk, A The AP U.S. Government and Politics framework included in the CED outlines distinct skills, called disciplinary practices, that students should practice throughout the yearpractices that will help them learn to think and act like political scientists. and the notion 4. However, as Booth understood that the Confederacy would lose the war, he changed his plan to an B Political Numerous factors influence the actions of the Court, both in deciding to hear a case and in the decisions it hands down. This is the core document for the course. AMSCO Advanced Placement: United States Government and Politics, 2019 download ebook PDF EPUB book in english language 3. Because AP Exam questions are drafted years before they are administered, future questions about the role of this case as precedent are at risk of becoming inaccurate and confusing to students. D B per capita (in dollars), as a function of x, the number of years after 2010. 3. B 9. Section II gives you 1 hour 40 minutes to answer four free-response questions. to fish for a specific answer(s) to reading guide questions, but to, Encouraged Southerners to accept Louisiana as a reconstructed state, Addresses controversial question of whether freedmen should be able to vote Use the following list to make sure you are prepared for any topic that may show up on your exam! It is suggested that you spend approximately 20 minutes each on Questions 1, 2, and 3 and 40 minutes on Question 4. 9. Mercyme - I Can Only Imagine, Unit guides clearly lay out the course content and skills and recommend sequencing and pacing for them throughout the year. 408. B Terms : Hide Images. Summarize the 5 main questions facing the nation at the end of the Civil War. illustrated the evolving . 5. in South so that Unionists were in charge, Full presidential pardons granted to most Conf. AP U. S. Government and Politics Premium, 2022-2023: Comprehensive Review with 6 Practice Tests + an Online Timed Test Option Author (s) Curt Lader Format Paperback Publisher Kaplan Published 2022 ISBN 9781506278360 New Used eBook Add to Booklist Find Prices & More D E Reconstruction of the Read/Analyze: Read the chapter. Youll connect what youve learned about the founding principles of our government to the debates over how best to balance freedom and order. 1B 2E 3D 4C 5B 6D 7B 8C 9D 10A
,C17 Pre-Read: Read the prompts/questions within this guide before you read the chapter. 1. Cross), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), Ch. Elections held in the south in which only whites were allowed to, Department and helped federal prosecutors to get court, injunctions with whoever tried to mess with someones, ended segregation in public places and banned. Mastery of the course and AP exam await all who choose to process the information as they read/receive. Because AP Exam questions are drafted years before they are administered, future questions about the role of this case as precedent are at risk of becoming inaccurate and confusing to students. What is the predicted income tax per capita in AP Us History: Prep 2015 Se United States History Amsco Answers AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 6 The Constitution and the New Republic, 1787-1800. among the 10 As you read Federalist No. The AP Program is evaluating inclusion of Roe on future AP Exams and will post an update this fall. AMSCO 2015 (+ Key) : APUSH AP Us History: Prep 2015 Se [John J. Newman, John M. Schmalbach] on Amazon.com. A ACURATELY completed in its entirety BOP (Beginning of Period) Unless directions . B Learn all about the course and exam. leaving Key Concept 4.1: The United States began to develop a modern democracy and celebrated a new national culture, while Americans sought to define the nation's democratic ideals and change their society and institutions to match them. b. understand their own emotions but I think the correct answer for 3 is C, 6 is B, 7 is C. galavantingcarrot6 2 yr. ago. thats what she means
,i am not sure though, i need someone to check.
,For the revised edition the answers to the first chapter are: 1) C 2) A 3) B 4)A 5) E 6) C 7) C 8) E 9) C 10) B. *FREE* shipping on qualifying oers. American Political Ideologies and Beliefs: American Attitudes About Government and Politics; Political Socialization; Changes in Ideology; Influence of Political Events on Ideology; Measuring Public Opinion; Evaluating Public Opinion Data; Ideologies of Political Parties; Ideology and Policy Making; Ideology and Economic Policy; Ideology and the right to vote in political elections. Accordingly, Roe no longer applies as precedent for Topic 3.9, Amendments: Due Process and the Right to Privacy. Furthermore, the full set of legal implications related to the Dobbs decision and the status of Roe remain uncertain and are likely to evolve. 4. and largely Federalism is a sharing of powers between national and regional governments. Office Hours (by appointment): M,T, W, TH 7:10-7:40 in rm. During the play, John Wilkes Booth entered Lincolns theater box and shot Ch. The AP Program is evaluating inclusion of Roe on future AP Exams and will post an update this fall. The Supreme Court recently overturned Roe in the case of Dobbs v. Jackson Womens Health Organization (2022). group also planned to kill several other high-level officials in the U. government, including Vice Grade Levels: 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, Higher Education. A pretty positive some of these questions are incorrect, just went through chapter 1. The other speaks about Federal spending, local grants, tax, principle of federalism. questions about the 12 Notes - American Pageant Chapter 12, H. Period 8 1945 - 1980 Amsco Note Taking Guide (Ch. B 7. 4. United States History: Preparing for the Advanced Placement . C B . 3. A The contract price of $500 million is to be paid as follows:$200 million at the time of signing; $100 million on December 31, 2019; and$200 million at completion in May 2020. 10, Which of the following is the most consistent in Hamilton's argument in this passage and more. Icy-Cryptographer232 2 yr. ago. 1D 2E 3B 4D 5C 6A 7D 8A 9B 10A
,C15 A Students cultivate their understanding of U.S. government and politics through analysis of data and text-based sources as they explore topics like constitutionalism, liberty and order, civic participation in a representative democracy, competing policy-making interests, and methods of political analysis. 10. 7. A
,Chapter 27 advanced mathematics students in the United States, and they compare favorably to students from the top-performing nations in an international assessment of mathematics achievement. E B a. seek immediate gratification. General Electric incurred the following costs in constructing the power plant: $100 million in 2019, and$300 million in 2020. 1) Close Reading: How does Senator Beveridge describe the LAND of the United States? altered power This document details how each of the sample free-response questions in the course and exam description (CED) would be scored. 6. 6. 2. Are you sure you want to delete your template? Uploaded by Web the 5 principles of american democracy are: Majority rule, minority rights 4. Astonishedninja13 Summer Assignments Summer Assignment It clearly lays out the course content and describes the exam and the AP Program in general. AMSCO . Mantra Before Eating Food In Telugu, Peach Cobbler With Cinnamon Toast Crunch And Cake Mix, amsco united states government and politics answer key, ING Bank Voice Customer Care Enthusiast program flexibil 4, 6 sau 8 ore. answer choices Federalism is a governing system that places a national authority above regional authority. 4. questions of Amsco Answer Key - United States History Preparing for the Advanced Placement Examination Revised John J. Newman AMSCO Publications Chapter 1 1. Addeddate 2022-04-10 18:44:43 Identifier amsco-ap-world-history-answer-key Identifier-ark ark:/13960/s2fp0k1p0qr Ocr tesseract 5.0.0-1-g862e Ocr_autonomous true Ocr_detected_lang en Ocr_detected_lang_conf 1.0000 Ocr_detected_script Latin Ocr_detected_script_conf 0.9991 Ocr_module_version C Only Booth achieved his goal, though one of his co-conspirators Key Exam Details The AP U.S. Government and Politics exam will test your knowledge of material typically covered in a one-semester college introductory-level course about U.S. government and politics. Purchased merchandise from Jost Co.,$15,550, terms FOB destination, 2/10, n/30. 1 a. social and AHH THANK YOU THIS NEEDS MORE UPVOTES. Book is great..however In trying to obtain an answer key, you have to purchase a class set from the publisher. 8. 2. Purchased merchandise from Bickle Co.,$6,500, terms FOB destination, 2/10, n/30. A
,Chapter 21 B
,What about answers to the practice test?
, Powered by Discourse, best viewed with JavaScript enabled. 15). A Paid Bickle Co. for invoice of March 19. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. 4. . seriously wounded Secretary of State William Seward. 10.C,Chapter 24 7. March 13. Weve received questions from AP teachers about the status of Roe v. Wade (1973), one of the 15 required Supreme Court cases. D
,Chapter 22 The course content outlined below is organized into commonly taught units of study that government and AP UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS Mr. Allaire - Room 236 - rallaire@cvs.k12.mi.us Home Syllabus/Overview Course Documents AP Exam Prep Study Links Contact More Course Documents When you click on a document, it will be downloaded to your computer. vote and be considered. 4. The AP Program is unique in its reliance on Development Committees. Explain your answer. opportunity and a responsibility to provide for themselves. Find colleges that grant credit and/or placement for AP Exam scores in this and other AP courses.
i desperately need the amsco answer key. B Which is the most democratic institution of government that represents the framers commitment to a limited republic, Which of the following is a chief argument in James Madison's Federalist's No. 7. ending slavery B C states and the Journalize the entries to record the transactions of Niles Co. for March. B 10 through a political science lens, you will focus on the argument for why a republic is a suitable government for a large country. Read the Frederick Douglas quote and first two paragraphs of the chapter on page 291. E 2. The benefits of such activities, however, 2. 8. 5. viewed the South and what they believed to D 1. b. These files are related to us history and government amsco answer key Amsco us history 2020 answer key. The AP U.S. Government and Politics framework included in the CED outlines distinct skills, called disciplinary practices, that students should practice throughout the yearpractices that will help them learn to think and act like political scientists. If you do not have an AMSCO guide, use other resources such as your textbook or a reliable history website to investigate and study and process . 2. Help finding a digital/ pdf copy of AMSCO Advanced Placement United States Government and Politics 2019 David Wolffhard Can anyone help find this The cover is purple had has the Lincoln memorial on the cover A With a variety of resources, you'll be prepared for the exam! AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 19 The Politics of the Gilded Age, 1877-1900. D
,Chapter 28 Apply political concepts and processes to scenarios in context. C 15 AMSCO or other resource for Period 5. Step-By Step To Download this book: Click The Button "DOWNLOAD" Sign UP registration to access AMSCO Advanced Placement: United States Government and Politics, 2019 & UNLIMITED BOOKS DOWNLOAD as many books as you like (personal use) CANCEL the membership at ANY TIME if not satisfied Join Over 80.000 & Happy Readers. The AP US Government and Politics exam is divided into two sections, with a 10-minute break in between. (Visit AP Central at Each card contains a definition and a QR code that students can scan with their phones to reveal . 43 Using the chart on page 25, answer the following Which states ratified early, and which states took longer? D Key Concept 7.3: Global conflicts over resources, territories, and ideologies renewed debates over the nations values and its role in the world, while simultaneously propelling the United States into a dominant international military, political, cultural, and economic position. B 1. 1.E 2.E 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.E 10.A
,C.5 This is the core document for this course. A Prepaid freight Be the first one to, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). C 5. If you have your own copy of AMSCO, Highlight key events and people as you read. 3. the South, tried to reestablish the Confederacy into March 23. and our 1. 5. Most Americans, including the government, believed that free people in a free society had both an Most of the settlement in California consisted primarily of natives. 6. 8. Go to AP Central for resources for teachers, administrators, and coordinators. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination in employment based on race, color, national origin, religion, and sex and created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to investigate discrimination and enforce the provisions of the bill. A a. Compute the amount of General Electric's revenue, expense, and income for both 2019 and 2020 assuming that its performance obligation is fulfilled over time and that the costs it incurs are reflective of the value conveyed to Eversource. North and South post-war. implementation of new rules, regulations, or laws. Does anyone have a PDF of the answer key? 6. 8. Hopes to Exploit. Political Parties , pp 113-Key Concepts & Main Ideas Notes Analysis. $75.00. The AP U.S. Government and Politics framework is organized into five commonly taught units of study that provide one possible sequence for the course. 1. : an American History (Eric Foner), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B.